AKRider
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I didn't mean to beat the hornets nest, but there's been a lot of discussion here about communications equipment, radio's, what is legal and what isn't. There's also been discussion about amateur radios (HAMS), the advantages to being one, and how to get your license. Hopefully I can cover this in a short, concise post, without getting technical.
Edit - disregard short and concise. I've already gone past that point... lol
First, a couple of definitions for the purpose of this discussion - not all may be used:
Hand Held Transceiver (HT) Radio - self-explanatory. This term is mainly used in the HAM world for amateur radio and is referred to as a Handy Talkie.
Walkie Talkie - usually personal transceivers that are not amateur radio's.
*Note - these terms have been used interchangeably, except in the amateur world.
Mobile Radio - almost always vehicle mounted, but can be used as a base station.
FRS - Family Radio Service. No license required. Operates on frequencies in the 467MHz range. Maximum transmit power .5 watts.
GMRS - General Mobile Radio Service. License required. Operates on frequencies in the 462MHz and 467MHz ranges. Maximum transmit power 5 watts.
GMRS/FRS - combined use on many walkie talkies. Maximum transmit power without a license is .5 watts, unless the person owning the radios has a GMRS license, then it is 5 watts.
MURS - Multi-Use Radio Service. No license required. Operates on frequencies in the 151MHz to 154MHz range. Maximum transmit power is 2 watts.
CB - Citizens Band. No license required. Operates on frequencies in the 26MHz to 27 MHz range. Maximum transmit power - typical for mobile and HT - 4 watts. I won't cover this either since it wasn't part of the original conversation. If someone wants to include it you are more than welcome to.
China Doll - inexpensive, yet very effective and useful, transceivers that are built in China. This is a HAM term.
Repeater - to keep it simple, this is a radio that receives a signal and retransmits it. They are best placed in a high location, or connected to a tall antenna.
Discussion:
There's two types of radio's we can use while out riding that fit our needs. Mobile and HT (walkie talkies). Depending on what they are and how they are built, they can fall under three different parts of FCC regulation. They are Part 90, Part 95, and Part 97.
Part 90 pretty much covers commercial use radio's and frequencies, which you would need a license to operate. I'm not going to cover it.
Part 95 covers FRS, GMRS, and MURS. Here's where things get sticky. As I've posted in another thread, and @PioneerPete covered very well, there are legal issues that people need to know about. The main discussion here deals with what frequencies the China Doll radio's can legally operate on. The one brand most often discussed is Baofeng. From all of my research I can't find one of them that is compliance-rated to operate on frequencies covered under FRS, GMRS, or MURS, unless you want to only operate on GMRS at 2W. I have found that I can't say for certain whether their mobile units are non-compliant with this Part. BUT, they CAN operate in the frequencies covered under Part 97, which is the amateur (HAM) bands - namely the 2M (144 - 148MHZ VHF) and 70cm (420 - 450MHz UHF) bands.
Since @PioneerPete said it so eloquently, and I agree with what he said, here is his post:
With that, I'm going to move on to Part 97, getting your HAM license, and how doing so can really be helpful in large group rides and if you are out in the middle of BFE alone and something serious happens.
Since I started this post I've noticed at least a couple of HAM operators have chimed in. That's awesome! Hopefully they will correct me if I make a mistake and add their knowledge to the post.
So, almost all of you that have purchased, or are thinking of purchasing, a radio for communicating on rides, have looked at the Baofeng brand - China Dolls. I have two of them. They are inexpensive and have more features than most know what to do with. Heck, even programming them can be a pain, although with a few Youtube videos and some software on your PC or Mac, you can quickly learn and become proficient. The good thing to take away from this is that if you currently own one, you have a radio that IS compliant to operate on the HAM frequencies. You can't operate there without a license, but you are more than welcome to "creep the freqs" and listen in on all your local traffic.
FCC Part 97
This covers every rule and regulation regarding the Amateur Radio Service. As I stated above, if you have purchased or are contemplating purchasing a China Doll radio to communicate on your rides, this covers what you need to know. Peruse it at your leisure, preferably over a cold one, or something on the rocks. Keep in mind that the FCC calls it amateur. The people operating on these frequencies would beg to differ. I would agree with the latter. These people are true professionals. Since the frequencies that are best for this within the confines of the China Doll radios are in the 2M band (VHF 144 to 148MHz), I will limit this discussion to these.
Getting your HAM License
There are three classes of amateur (HAM) that you can obtain:
Element 2 - Technician
Element 3 - General
Element 4 - Extra
All are good for 10 years from the date you pass. To renew you just file the paperwork. I won't go into the detail about this, but it's pretty easy. You do not need to retest.
Technician Class - One word. Easy. The really cool thing about all the study sources available is that you get to study all of the actual test questions and answers. The questions and answers are developed by the the people who administer the test - the Volunteer Exam Coordinators - or VEC's. They aren't trying to trick you. They are HAMs that want you to learn and be proficient.
The site that I recommend is HamTestOnline - Ham Radio Exam Courses and Practice Tests
After you create a free account you can audit the content. If you like it, they charge $24.95, which gives you 2 years of access.The best thing about this site is that it is intuitive. It learns you. If you miss a question, it will keep throwing it at you. It continually reviews areas you are weak in. It has great information on how to use it and how to be successful. If you follow it you can't go wrong.
The Technician Class gives you operating privileges mainly in the 2M and 70cm bands, as well as others. Once you attain this, you can either stay at this level or move on and open up more opportunities. The site I referenced has all of the study content for the next two exams. Yes, they charge for it, but the cost is no more than what you would pay for a book or study guide. There are free sites. @Ragnar406 suggested a link that provides many of those, which is:
the CAN'T FAIL thread for getting a ham radio license and learning basic VHF/UHF operations - AR15.COM
This is a great resource. I used it myself when I first started looking into licensing.
One thing I should mention. Up until 2007 (correct me if I'm wrong) it was required to know Morse Code to pass the exam. The FCC has eliminated this requirement, but you can still get involved in that aspect if you want to. Think of the movie Independence Day. They used it to coordinate the counter attack. There are literally thousands of people still using it on a daily basis. In HAM terms, it is called CW.
Again, the Technician Class license is easy. If you have a basic electronics background you'll breeze through it. If not, no big deal. You can memorize those answers. Work on learning that stuff later.
Edit - disregard short and concise. I've already gone past that point... lol
First, a couple of definitions for the purpose of this discussion - not all may be used:
Hand Held Transceiver (HT) Radio - self-explanatory. This term is mainly used in the HAM world for amateur radio and is referred to as a Handy Talkie.
Walkie Talkie - usually personal transceivers that are not amateur radio's.
*Note - these terms have been used interchangeably, except in the amateur world.
Mobile Radio - almost always vehicle mounted, but can be used as a base station.
FRS - Family Radio Service. No license required. Operates on frequencies in the 467MHz range. Maximum transmit power .5 watts.
GMRS - General Mobile Radio Service. License required. Operates on frequencies in the 462MHz and 467MHz ranges. Maximum transmit power 5 watts.
GMRS/FRS - combined use on many walkie talkies. Maximum transmit power without a license is .5 watts, unless the person owning the radios has a GMRS license, then it is 5 watts.
MURS - Multi-Use Radio Service. No license required. Operates on frequencies in the 151MHz to 154MHz range. Maximum transmit power is 2 watts.
CB - Citizens Band. No license required. Operates on frequencies in the 26MHz to 27 MHz range. Maximum transmit power - typical for mobile and HT - 4 watts. I won't cover this either since it wasn't part of the original conversation. If someone wants to include it you are more than welcome to.
China Doll - inexpensive, yet very effective and useful, transceivers that are built in China. This is a HAM term.
Repeater - to keep it simple, this is a radio that receives a signal and retransmits it. They are best placed in a high location, or connected to a tall antenna.
Discussion:
There's two types of radio's we can use while out riding that fit our needs. Mobile and HT (walkie talkies). Depending on what they are and how they are built, they can fall under three different parts of FCC regulation. They are Part 90, Part 95, and Part 97.
Part 90 pretty much covers commercial use radio's and frequencies, which you would need a license to operate. I'm not going to cover it.
Part 95 covers FRS, GMRS, and MURS. Here's where things get sticky. As I've posted in another thread, and @PioneerPete covered very well, there are legal issues that people need to know about. The main discussion here deals with what frequencies the China Doll radio's can legally operate on. The one brand most often discussed is Baofeng. From all of my research I can't find one of them that is compliance-rated to operate on frequencies covered under FRS, GMRS, or MURS, unless you want to only operate on GMRS at 2W. I have found that I can't say for certain whether their mobile units are non-compliant with this Part. BUT, they CAN operate in the frequencies covered under Part 97, which is the amateur (HAM) bands - namely the 2M (144 - 148MHZ VHF) and 70cm (420 - 450MHz UHF) bands.
Since @PioneerPete said it so eloquently, and I agree with what he said, here is his post:
"I have researched this issue off an on for weeks, and to the best of my knowledge, everything @AKRider has said is true. Below are a few other observations from my research, and my conclusions.
These radios can not meet the requirements of FRS. The transmit limit is 0.5W for FRS, and our radios will only go as low as 1W. No biggie, we don't want to use those UHF frequencies anyway... might as well use hand signals at that range.
GMRS requires a license and a compliant radio. We have neither. Again UHF, we don't want these either.
The frequencies CP has recommended are indeed MURS frequencies. These VHF frequencies tend to transmit further than the higher UHF. The only thing (I could find) keeping the Baofungs from being MURS compliant is the 2W transmit limit. Keep it under 2W and you would most likely meet the "intent" of the law to operate these radios on MURS. It won't have the FCC type-acceptance sticker for MURS (because it's too versatile), but should operate like a radio that does if you limit to 2W transmit;
Based on the above (and other observations from my research), my 2 cents worth... If you have the time and energy, go get your Ham license. It will probably open up a cool new world. If you just want a way to communicate with your buddies when you ride in desolate uninhabited places, then use this these radios on the MURS channels. If you want to try to meet the intent of the regulation, limit your MURS transmit to 2W. No one else on the MURS channels has any more (or less) right to those channels than you do (they don't have a special license, just a compliant radio). If someone rogers over saying you are interfering with their gig, then change the channel.
The worst case scenario is that your radio is defective and is sending spurious signals to previously allocated frequencies. This would most likely be a quality control issue and not normal for these radios. And, if you were only transmitting at 2W, the odds of interfering with anything important while you transmit from BFE are practically zero. Additionally, this could happen to you with any radio you buy, therefore having a Ham license or a compliant radio would not protect you from this scenario. So, to me, the spurious transmission issue is 6 in 1, half a dozen in the other. It could happen to you whether you had a compliant radio and/or were licensed. Again, keep it to 2W transmit on MURS and you are more likely to get struck by lightning than cause harm.
I spent the better part of an hour researching FCC enforcement actions, and not a single one was related to some bubba in the woods occasionally operating on MURS. In fact, they were mostly against folks who already had a license, or were operating illegally in the HF range (closer to Citizens Band). They are sensitive to unlicensed transmissions in the HF range because it can reach much further distances and cause real issues.
If you want to be legal and if you have the time and energy, go get your Ham license. If you just want to communicate with your ride buddies out in the middle of no where... I'm thinking the odds of causing any harm with these radios operating on MURS is about as likely as being struck by lightning while your there, so...
It is good that AKRider has offered up a summary of the law. We should advocate for having all the information and then making an informed adult decision. This forum is a great place to see this happen all the time.
Carry on... roger over done."
With that, I'm going to move on to Part 97, getting your HAM license, and how doing so can really be helpful in large group rides and if you are out in the middle of BFE alone and something serious happens.
Since I started this post I've noticed at least a couple of HAM operators have chimed in. That's awesome! Hopefully they will correct me if I make a mistake and add their knowledge to the post.
So, almost all of you that have purchased, or are thinking of purchasing, a radio for communicating on rides, have looked at the Baofeng brand - China Dolls. I have two of them. They are inexpensive and have more features than most know what to do with. Heck, even programming them can be a pain, although with a few Youtube videos and some software on your PC or Mac, you can quickly learn and become proficient. The good thing to take away from this is that if you currently own one, you have a radio that IS compliant to operate on the HAM frequencies. You can't operate there without a license, but you are more than welcome to "creep the freqs" and listen in on all your local traffic.
FCC Part 97
This covers every rule and regulation regarding the Amateur Radio Service. As I stated above, if you have purchased or are contemplating purchasing a China Doll radio to communicate on your rides, this covers what you need to know. Peruse it at your leisure, preferably over a cold one, or something on the rocks. Keep in mind that the FCC calls it amateur. The people operating on these frequencies would beg to differ. I would agree with the latter. These people are true professionals. Since the frequencies that are best for this within the confines of the China Doll radios are in the 2M band (VHF 144 to 148MHz), I will limit this discussion to these.
Getting your HAM License
There are three classes of amateur (HAM) that you can obtain:
Element 2 - Technician
Element 3 - General
Element 4 - Extra
All are good for 10 years from the date you pass. To renew you just file the paperwork. I won't go into the detail about this, but it's pretty easy. You do not need to retest.
Technician Class - One word. Easy. The really cool thing about all the study sources available is that you get to study all of the actual test questions and answers. The questions and answers are developed by the the people who administer the test - the Volunteer Exam Coordinators - or VEC's. They aren't trying to trick you. They are HAMs that want you to learn and be proficient.
The site that I recommend is HamTestOnline - Ham Radio Exam Courses and Practice Tests
After you create a free account you can audit the content. If you like it, they charge $24.95, which gives you 2 years of access.The best thing about this site is that it is intuitive. It learns you. If you miss a question, it will keep throwing it at you. It continually reviews areas you are weak in. It has great information on how to use it and how to be successful. If you follow it you can't go wrong.
The Technician Class gives you operating privileges mainly in the 2M and 70cm bands, as well as others. Once you attain this, you can either stay at this level or move on and open up more opportunities. The site I referenced has all of the study content for the next two exams. Yes, they charge for it, but the cost is no more than what you would pay for a book or study guide. There are free sites. @Ragnar406 suggested a link that provides many of those, which is:
the CAN'T FAIL thread for getting a ham radio license and learning basic VHF/UHF operations - AR15.COM
This is a great resource. I used it myself when I first started looking into licensing.
One thing I should mention. Up until 2007 (correct me if I'm wrong) it was required to know Morse Code to pass the exam. The FCC has eliminated this requirement, but you can still get involved in that aspect if you want to. Think of the movie Independence Day. They used it to coordinate the counter attack. There are literally thousands of people still using it on a daily basis. In HAM terms, it is called CW.
Again, the Technician Class license is easy. If you have a basic electronics background you'll breeze through it. If not, no big deal. You can memorize those answers. Work on learning that stuff later.
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